ప్రెస్ రిపోర్ట్

Hyderabad, 3rd May, 2022: The exact mechanism of spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has remained elusive. Earlier thought to spread by surfaces, epidemiologists found that countries that wore masks in the pandemic were affected less severely. However, quantitative evidences that show the infectious coronavirus particles in air was lacking. A collaborative study by a group of scientists from CSIR-CCMB, Hyderabad and CSIR-IMTech, Chandigarh, with hospitals in Hyderabad and Mohali confirms the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The study is now published in published in the Journal of Aerosol Science.

The scientists analysed for the coronavirus’ genome content from air samples collected from different areas occupied by COVID-19 patients. This included from – 1) hospitals, 2) closed rooms in which only COVID-19 patients spent a short period of time, and 3) houses of homequarantined COVID-19 patients. They found that the virus could be frequently detected in air around COVID-19 patients; the positivity rate increased with the number of patients present in the premise. They found the virus in ICU as well as non-ICU sections of hospitals, suggesting that patients shed the virus in air irrespective of the severity of infection. The study also found viable coronavirus in air that could infect living cells, and these viruses could spread over a long range of distance. Scientists still suggest wearing face masks to avoid the spread of coronavirus.

“Our results show that coronavirus can stay in the air for some time in absence of ventilation in closed spaces. We find that the positivity rate of finding the virus in air was 75% when two or more COVID-19 patients were present in a room, in contrast to 15.8% when one or no COVID-19 patients occupied the room in these studies. Our observations are concurrent with previous studies that suggest that the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is higher in indoor air as compared to outdoor air; and in indoor, it is higher in hospital and healthcare settings that host a larger number of COVID-19 patients, as compared to that in community indoor settings,” said Dr Shivranjani Moharir, scientist involved in the study.

“As we are back to conducting in-person activities, air surveillance is a useful means to predict infection potential of a spaces like classrooms, meeting halls. This can help refine strategies to control the spread of infections,” said Dr Rakesh Mishra, the lead scientist of the work, AcSIR Distinguished Emeritus Professor at CCMB, and Director, Tata Institute for Genetics and Society. He also added that the air surveillance technique is not just limited to coronavirus but can also be optimised to monitor other air-born infections.